Presence of colletotrichum acutatum and colletotrichum gloeosporioides on leatherleaf fern, key lime, papaya, star fruit and mango in costa rica and florida united states. Colletotrichum acutatum an overview sciencedirect topics. In serbia, the occurrence of anthracnose on tomato fruit has been recorded during the last several years. Colletotri chum gloeosporioides, a cosmopolitan species known to.
The genus contains approximately 189 species organized into at least 11 major phylogenetic lineages, also known as species complexes. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum coccodes, and colletotrichum dematium are the four main species of colletotrichum that cause tomato anthracnose. Survival of colletotrichum acutatum in soil and plant. Naira acentre for plant and food science, university of western sydney, locked bag 1797, penrith south, dc, nsw 1797, australia. Infection on the banana usually starts during the development of the fruit but remains quiescent until the fruit ripens. Anthracnose disease of proteaceae has in the past chiefly been attributed to infections by c. Colletotrichum orbiculare is widely distributed in most regions where cucurbits are grown. Symptoms include tissue necrosis, corm rot, leaf crinkles, and characteristic spiral twisting of floral peduncles. Infection of citrus by colletotrichum species can result in key lime anthracnose kla, postbloom fruit drop pfd, or postharvest anthracnose. The colletotrichum acutatum species complex semantic scholar.
The biology of colletotrichum acutatum by phillip s. Colletotrichum acutatum 3 4 m in size, fusiform, thinwalled, aseptate and hyaline. It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially valencia and navel oranges in florida. Number of leaves incidence and leaf area covered severity with conidial masses of. Colletotrichum isolates from anthracnose of guava psidium guajava and water apple syzygium aqueum were also included in this study. Colletotrichum acutatum is one of the most frequently reported species of the genus and causes diseases commonly. The anthracnose caused by colletotrichum species is an important disease that primarily causes fruit rot in pepper. Frontiers the colletotrichum acutatum species complex as. The colletotrichum acutatum species complex sciencedirect. One group contained the holotype and two paratypes of c. A taxonomic reassessment of colletotrichum acutatum. Colletotrichum coccodes on capsicum rootstocks in northernitaly.
Colletotrichum acutatum is known as an important anthracnose pathogen of. Attacchi di colletotrichum coccodes su portainnesti di peperone in piemonte. Typical fruit symptoms include dark, sunken, and circu. Identification and characterization of colletotrichum spp. Pcr with primers caint2 and its4 from a conserved sequence of the rdna amplified a 490 bp fragment from several isolates of c. Symptoms of anthracnose include black and sunken lesions with spore masses or acervuli in the lesion. Etiology and population genetics of colletotrichum spp.
Olive oil and fruit production is severely constrained by colletotrichum spp. Seedling collapse clayton south, vic 1989 gu183349 gu183308. Frontiers the colletotrichum acutatum species complex as a. Here we found that organic acids, the alkalinity of the environment, and low carbon conditions were major factors influencing calcium. Peres and others published lifestyle of colletotrichum acutatum find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Molecular analysis of colletotrichum species in the. Draft genome sequence of colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato colletotrichum fioriniae. Glomerella is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes living within the plant or phytopathogens. One of 830 most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search of the combined its, gapdh, chs1, act, his3 and tub2 sequences alignment of the colletotrichum acutatum species complex. The morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics studied were conidia morphology, colony growth at different temperatures, colony coloration and pcr with primers caint2 and its4 for c. Survival and detection 123 in a concentration of 0. The causal organism responsible for the recent outbreak of almond and.
Pdf characterization of colletotrichum acutatum isolates. Colletotrichum naming, control, resistance, biocontrol of. Colletotrichum acutatum wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Colletotrichum acutatum is a sordariomycete ascomycota and an important pathogen of several major crops, including tomato, strawberry, almond, citrus, and apples. Despite the negative impact on human, animal and environmental health, synthetic fungicides are the most common agrochemicals used to control botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mold disease. The colletotrichum acutatum species complex is a diverse yet relatively closely related group of plant pathogenic fungi within this genus.
Some of the important host plants include citrus, yam, papaya, avocado, coffee, eggplant, sweet pepper, and tomato. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of colletotrichum. Pdf the biology of colletotrichum acutatum researchgate. Transplants with infected root systems often grow poorly or fail to become established after overhead irrigation is withdrawn. Aug 14, 2018 colletotrichum acutatum is a fungus capable of biomineralization reported in our previous study. Host range and genetic relatedness of colletotrichum acutatum. Number of leaves incidence and leaf area covered severity with conidial masses of c. Engineering a genetic transformation system for colletotrichum acutatum, the causal fungus of lime anthracnose and postbloom fruit drop of citrus kuangren chung university of florida, ifas, citrus research and education center, 700 experiment station road, lake alfred, fl 33850, usa. Four control trials were carried out against this pathogen. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts. Conidia are hyaline, nonseptate, mostly oblong and measure 46 x 19 micrometers. Pdf the colletotrichum acutatum species complex researchgate. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis its, act, tub2.
Sep 23, 2016 fungi within the colletotrichum acutatum species complex occur asymptomatically on plant parts of many different plant species. Colletotrichum acutatum is widely known as a fruit rot pathogen, but also infects other strawberry organs, including the roots. Naira acentre for plant and food science, university of western sydney, locked bag 1797, penrith south. This paper includes one new species, colletotrichum dracaenophilum, and three new combinations, colletotrichum phormii, glomerella phormii, and phaeosphaeriopsis phacidiomorpha. Diseases affecting strawberry fragaria x ananassa duch. All species of colletotrichum described on were evaluated based on type specimens. Gene family expansions and contractions are associated with host range in plant pathogens of the genus colletotrichum.
Eightyeight strains representing seven species of colletotrichum were obtained. Accurate identifica tion of species responsible for disease is of paramount importance for pathogen control. One of the most pathogenic species of this genus is colletotrichum acutatum. Single gene phylogenetic analyses have also not proved to be very successful in delineating species. Impact of colletotrichum acutatum pathogen on olive. It causes bitter rot in variety of crops worldwide, particularly perennials in the tropical regions 3. Identity and origin of the living cultures of colletotrichum examined in this study. Anthracnose, or leafcurl disease of anemone, caused by colletotrichum sp.
Fungi within the colletotrichum acutatum species complex occur asymptomatically on plant parts of many different plant species. Three epidemics of the disease have been recorded in israel. Light has several conspicuous effects on fungal cultures. Antagonistic activity, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, trichoderma harzianum, gliocladium roseum, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces noursei, streptomyces natalensis udc 632. Biological control of strawberry grey mold disease caused by. Root necrosis has been observed in florida since 2000.
Thus, the previous understanding that anthracnose of most tropical fruits is caused by. The classification of the genus colletotrichum is currently very unsatisfactory, and several species occur on the principal economic host strawberry which are regularly confused. Use of nis increases the efficiency of nfertilizers, because nitrates formed on the oxidation of ammonium are easily lost by leaching under upland and denitrification. The current disease outbreak began in the 1980s and rapidly spread worldwide, affecting apparently all lupin species. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides anthracnose is one of the most common colletotrichum fungal plant pathogens. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus colletotrichum acutatum, is one of the most serious diseases of strawberry worldwide. A new disease of leatherleaf fern fern anthracnose first. Isolates of colletotrichum acutatum were collected from anthracnose affected strawberry, leatherleaf fern, and key lime.
Numerous studies have reported subgroups within the c. Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of anthracnose on azalea, was observed in italy for the first time in 2002 and is causing severe losses on several varieties of this ornamental plant. Cabi, map 190 edition 5 gilardi g, baudino m, ortu g, gullino ml, garibaldi a, 2012. The pathogen belongs to colletotrichum lupini, a member of the acutatum species complex, and contrasts with other members of the latter by. Colletotrichum acutatum is known to be genetically highly variable and was divided in infraspecific groups on the basis of molecular data guerber et al. Olive anthracnose caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen colletotrichum acutatum is a serious threat to the olive sector. Pdf colletotrichum acutatum is major pathogen of fruit crops, causing economically important. Sep 15, 2012 colletotrichum acutatum is known as an important anthracnose pathogen of a wide range of host plants worldwide.
Colletotrichum acutatum occurs asymptomatically on apple. Postbloom fruit drop pfd of sweet orange and key lime anthracnose kla are caused by the fungus colletotrichum acutatum. Characterization of colletotrichum acutatum causing. Colletotrichum acutatum is a fungus capable of biomineralization reported in our previous study. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis its, act, tub2, chs1, gapdh, his3 of 331 strains previously identified as c. Nitrification inhibitors nis are chemicals that inhibit or retard oxidation of ammonium to nitrate n. Once the fungus has developed sufficiently inside the plant, dark fruitbodies are produced, causing typical anthracnose symptoms. Mancozeb, thiram, chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin effectively controlled the disease when applied. Pfd fungal isolates infect flower petals of most citrus cultivars, causing blossom blight, but exhibit low pathogenicity on leaves and fruit of mexican lime 9.
Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf the colletotrichum acutatum species complex article pdf available in studies in mycology 731. Characterization of colletotrichum acutatum causing anthracnose of anemone anemone coronaria l. Leaves from apple orchards in southern norway were sampled, frozen for five hours and incubated for six days to reveal presence of asymptomatic infections of c. Article pdf available in applied and environmental microbiology 6612. Characterization of colletotrichum acutatum isolates causing anthracnose of almond and peach in california. Colletotrichum acutatum and causing leaf spots of olives. Biological control of strawberry grey mold disease caused. Anthracnose of banana is caused by the colletotrichum species and is one of the most serious diseases of ripe banana. Species of the colletotrichum acutatum complex associated. Cultural, conidial and appressorial characters can be used to differentiate taxa into. A total of 24 colletotrichum isolates were isolated from diseased japanese plum prunus salicina fruits showing chlorotic regions with whitishbrown sunken necrotic lesions and phylogenetic. Biomineralization induced by colletotrichum acutatum. Colletotrichum is a genus of ascomycota fungi that contain some of the most successful plant.
Species of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex associated. Strawberry plants are very susceptible to many pathogens, especially the necrotrophic fungus b. Chemical control of anthracnose of azalea caused by. Colletotrichum acutatum collacdocuments eppo global database. In this paper, we compared the ability of this fungus to induce mineralization under different calcium sources, ph levels, and differing carbon availability. Colletotrichum is only surpassed by fusarium, phytophthora and rhizoctonia in phytopathogenic publications. An oligonucleotide primer caint 2 was synthesized from the variable internal transcribed spacer its 1 region of ribosomal dna rdna from colletotrichum acutatum. Morphological and molecular identification of colletotrichum. Colletotrichum species associated with japanese plum. Colletotrichum acutatum is known as an important anthracnose pathogen of a wide range of host plants worldwide. In this work, we show that two fungal extracts obtained from a local isolate of. Host defenses, inheritance of resistance and environmental effects by timothy david miles anthracnose fruit caused by colletotrichum acutatum is the most important postharvest disease of blueberries vaccinium corymbosum. Identification of colletotrichum species has long been difficult due to limited morphological characters. Pfd and kla isolates are nearly identical in morphology, but the two isolates can be differentiated pathogenically and genetically.